Postpartum mastitis: what it is, symptoms, and treatment
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In this article
What is postpartum mastitis? Common causes and risk factors for mastitis Signs and symptoms of mastitis (don't ignore these) When to call your doctor for mastitis Postpartum mastitis treatment and relief (what actually works) Recommended products for mastitis relief & comfort How to prevent recurrent mastitis and cope The emotional & mental health side Closing encouragement Frequently asked questions about mastitis Related articles
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What is postpartum mastitis?
In plain-English: Postpartum mastitis is inflammation (and often infection) of breast tissue—most often in breastfeeding women.
Here’s the thing: it’s not just “ouch my breast hurts.” It’s a process: a milk duct or a portion of the breast becomes congested, inflamed, and bacteria can get involved, leading to red, tender, hot areas—and sometimes flu-like symptoms.
And yes, sometimes the word “infection” triggers fear. But the good news? With prompt care, you can absolutely get through it and continue breastfeeding if that’s your goalÂ
Common causes and risk factors for mastitis
There are several reasons your breast may be vulnerable right now, and many of them happen simply because you’re in postpartum mode, your body is adjusting, and–honestly–because you’re giving EVERYTHING to a tiny human.
Some of the common causes:
Milk stasis: Milk that doesn’t drain fully from a part of the breast, leading to a back-up.
A blocked or clogged milk duct: A narrowed duct (or ducts) due to pressure, a lump, or engorgement. This is a very common precursor.
Nipple trauma: Cracks or fissures can create a portal for bacteria to enter.
Oversupply of milk: This seems like a “great” problem—but yes, it can set you up for issues if the breast isn't emptied effectively.
Pressure: Wearing a tight bra, seat-belt pressure, a poor latch, or even just fatigue—yes, your body being tired counts.
Risk factors include:
It often happens in the first 6–8 weeks postpartum, though it can happen later.
Women with a previous history of mastitis.
Sore or cracked nipples early on.
Higher stress, exhaustion, skipping feeds, or long intervals between feeds.
So see...it’s not “bad breastfeeding.” It’s physiology + context. Your body is doing amazing things, but sometimes it needs a little extra care.
Signs and symptoms of mastitis (don't ignore these)
Here’s where I get a bit more technical—but I’ll keep it conversational. Because you should notice when something is off, and trust your gut.
What you may see or feel:
A red, hot, tender patch on one breast. It's often unilateral (one side) (Source: nhs.uk).
A hard lump or wedge-shaped area that you can feel.
Pain or burning while feeding or between feeds.
Flu-like symptoms: Fever, chills, body aches. (That’s when you really pay attention.) (Source: WebMD).
Swelling, warmth, and maybe a feeling of overall malaise (Source: Hopkins Medicine).
Sometimes nipple discharge (white or streaked) especially if infection (Source: nhs.uk).
Now: if it were just soreness from a bursting milk feed once in a while—that’s expected. But when you see redness, swelling, hardness, and fever? That’s the classic combination that signals mastitis rather than just a clogged duct.
When to call your doctor for mastitis
Here’s the more “clinical” side of things, but also what you should feel empowered to ask.
When you call your doctor:
Mention the symptoms: red/hot area, lump, fever, and increased pain.
They’ll likely do a physical exam (look & feel) (Source: Cleveland Clinic).
In most typical cases, no fancy imaging is needed. But if there’s a suspected abscess (a collection of pus), an ultrasound may be needed (Source: Mayo Clinic).
Important: Continuing to breastfeed (or express) is generally safe and recommended. The milk is still fine for baby, and emptying helps clear the breast.
Red flags to ignore
Fever that keeps getting higher.
A very swollen spot that feels fluctuant (like a water balloon, which may indicate an abscess).
Symptoms lasting more than 24–48 hours without improvement.
If any of those, call your lactation consultant and your medical provider. Early action helps you avoid bigger problems and anxiety.
Postpartum mastitis treatment and relief (what actually works)
Okay, this is a big one. Because relief is what you’re really after. Let’s split it into home/self-care + medical care.
Home & self-care (your first moves)
Keep nursing or expressing: Yes—even on the affected side (if tolerated). This helps clear the ductal system (Source: Mayo Clinic).
Apply cool packs: Use a cool cloth or gel pack after feeding to reduce inflammation and pain.
Ensure a good latch: If the latch is poor, you’ll likely end up with emptying problems.
Avoid tight clothing: Ditch any tight bras or tops that compress the breast.
Rest, eat, hydrate: I know that sounds impossible, but these basics matter.
Pain relief: Over-the-counter ibuprofen (which helps with inflammation) or acetaminophen can be used (check with your provider) to help with discomfort and fever.
Gentle expressing: You can express just enough between feeds to relieve fullness—but avoid over-pumping in a way that stimulates even more supply.
Medical care
Antibiotics: If you have signs of infection (fever, chills, systemic symptoms), your provider may prescribe antibiotics, which are compatible with breastfeeding (Source: Mayo Clinic Health System).
Abscess drainage: If an abscess is suspected, drainage may be needed.
If symptoms don’t improve in 24–48 hours of self-care, definitely follow up.
Mastitis myths vs. facts (an important update)
You don’t always “massage really hard” to “clear a plug.” In fact, recent research (and the 2022 guideline from the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine) suggests that deep, aggressive massage and over-pumping can worsen inflammation.
Fact: Gentle lymphatic drainage (light strokes away from the nipple, toward your armpit) is now recommended over deep, painful massage.
Myth: You must wean abruptly. Not usually recommended! It can lead to worse outcomes. Continuing feeding (or expressing) is usually better.
Recommended products for mastitis relief & comfort
Because yes, some physical tools make a difference. These are a few best-sellers that are highly-rated by moms and directly target postpartum mastitis-related issues.
Lansinoh Hot and Cold Breast Therapy Packs
Why it helps: This is a best-seller for a reason. You can freeze it to use as a cold pack (to reduce inflammation and pain after feeding) or microwave it to use as a hot pack (to encourage let-down and help with clogged ducts before feeding). It's reusable and fits right in your bra.
Kindred Bravely French Terry Racerback Nursing Sleep Bra
Why it helps: A tight, ill-fitting, or underwire bra is a major risk factor for mastitis. This bra is a cult favorite. It’s wire-free, incredibly soft, and non-compressive, offering just enough gentle support. It's perfect for sleeping in and for wearing 24/7 during those sensitive early weeks.
Momcozy Warming Lactation Massager Pro
Why it helps: This advanced lactation massager combines heat and vibration to effectively address clogged ducts, engorgement, and improve milk flow. Its warming function can be particularly soothing and helps to relax the breast tissue, making it easier to resolve blockages that can lead to postpartum mastitis.
How to prevent recurrent mastitis and cope
Prevention tips
Sometimes once is enough, sometimes it repeats. So let’s talk about how to guard against it.
Prioritize good latch: A lactation consultant can be a lifesaver. (If you're new to breastfeeding, you can read our How do I manage breastfeeding pain and discomfort? article.
Avoid skipping feeds: Don't go for long stretches without emptying, especially early postpartum.
Avoid tight bras: Avoid garments that compress or have underwires; avoid sleeping on one side with heavy pressure if your breast feels engorged.
Monitor for early signs: A tender area or slight lump is your cue to act (with feeding, cooling, and rest) before it becomes full-blown mastitis.
Take care of you: Fatigue and stress are real risk factors. I know, I know—you’re juggling a newborn, but even 10 minutes of rest or a nourishing snack can make a difference.
If you’ve had mastitis before, talk proactively with your provider and lactation consultant about your “plan B”.
The emotional & mental health side
Here’s something I don’t always say enough: episodes of mastitis can impact your mental health. The physical pain, the worry, the disruption to feeding—these carry weight.
In fact, studies show that women who experience lactational mastitis have a higher risk of postpartum depression (Source: Frontiers).
Here’s how to care emotionally:
Talk about it: With your partner, friend, peer group, or provider.
Recognize: Your feeding journey isn't the measure of your worth.
Let others help: Ask someone to bring dinner, fold laundry, or watch the baby while you nap.
Bookmark this resource: If you haven’t yet seen my blog post for breastfeeding must-haves for new moms it might be worth it.
Closing encouragement
You’re doing something amazing. Baby in your arms, your body working overtime, your heart shifting into this new “mom” rhythm. And yes, when the breast pain kicks in, or you get that lump and fear something’s wrong, it can feel overwhelming.
Here’s what I want you to walk away with:
Recognize the signs of postpartum mastitis (you’ve got this).
Take action early (your body thanks you).
Lean into your support network (partner, lactation consultant, provider).
Care for your mind and heart while you care for your body.
Take a deep breath. You’re not alone. You’re not overreacting. And you’re on the path not just to recovery—but to stronger confidence in your postpartum body.
Frequently asked questions about mastitis
What's the difference between a clogged duct and mastitis?
A clogged duct is a tender, hard lump in the breast, but it typically doesn't cause systemic symptoms. Mastitis is inflammation of the breast tissue, which may start as a clogged duct but then becomes red, hot, intensely painful, and is often accompanied by fever and flu-like symptoms.
Can I keep breastfeeding with mastitis?
Yes, and you should if you can. Breastfeeding your baby (or pumping) from the affected side is one of the most effective ways to clear the blockage and help the infection resolve. The milk is safe for your baby.
How long does mastitis take to clear up?
With home care (rest, cooling, emptying the breast), a simple inflammation might improve in 24-48 hours. If antibiotics are needed for an infection, you should start to feel significantly better within 48 hours of starting them. Always finish the full course of antibiotics.
What happens if postpartum mastitis is left untreated?
If left untreated, mastitis can lead to a breast abscess, which is a collection of pus that often requires medical drainage (usually with a needle). This is why it's so important to call your provider if you have a fever or your symptoms aren't improving.
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The content on Awaiting the Stork™ is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified physician or healthcare professional to address your unique health needs and circumstances.Â
References
Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine: Clinical Protocol #36: The Mastitis Spectrum (The 2022 guideline on inflammatory conditions of the lactating breast.)
Johns Hopkins Medicine: Mastitis
La Leche League International: Mastitis
Mayo Clinic Health System: Breast-feeding: How to manage mastitis
NHS (UK): Mastitis
ParentData by Emily Oster: The New Mastitis Protocol (This is a good summary, but you may also link directly to the ABM protocol above for the primary source.)
Mindy Motta, FNP-C
Mindy is a seasoned OB-GYN Nurse Practitioner and co-founder of Awaiting the Stork™. After overcoming her own years-long fertility journey, she now blends clinical expertise with heartfelt empathy to offer new mom advice and evidence-based support for every stage of motherhood. Mindy’s mission is to nurture confidence, connection, and clarity for women stepping into motherhood’s many joys and challenges.
